The apparatus includes a measurement arrangement configured to be mounted onto the first coupling member and to be rotated therewith. The ships engine room is full of such rotating equipment such as pumps, generators and so forth. This 2day course begins with the fundamental principles behind shaft to shaft alignment and concludes with students conducting a series of alignment exercises using conventional alignment tools. The most popular method of measurement is reverse alignment. Shaft alignment tolerances historically, shaft alignment tolerances have been governed by the coupling manufacturers design specifications. The electric motor rating is 50 hp at the base speed and the system peak torque at the coupling is estimated to be 150,000 lbin. The skf tksa 11 is an innovative shaft alignment tool that uses smartphones and tablets and intuitively guides the user through the shaft alignment process.
These conventional methods, such as using feeler gages and dial indicators are seems inaccurate and require a complicated, time consuming alignment process. Couplings are mechanical elements that couples two drive elements which enables motion to be transferred from one element to another. This allows maintenance to keep a record on what machines are precision aligned and other machines that need to be corrected in the future. Although omega couplings can withstand gross misalignment, care should be taken for best possible alignment to assure optimum performance.
It is not intended as a comprehensive guide to alignment of process machinery, nor is it a. It uses two dial indicators, one on each shaft, to measure the parallel and angular misalignment as shown in figure 21. On a single diaphragm coupling, the flexing element diameter is even smaller. There are two common methods of evaluating shaft to shaft alignment. Alignment it is not the intention of this post to detail the means and methods for aligning gear couplings, which is a much bigger subject. Machinery alignment tolerance tables impact engineering. The offset and angularity between shaft centerlines can be used as an indicator of shaft alignment.
It features a dropout center assembly for easy equipment maintenance. The goal is to minimize any coupling strain, and ensure. Oct 08, 2017 shaft alignment is the process of aligning two or more shafts with each other to within a tolerated margin. Many different variations of the rimface method are used, including straight edge. If, on the other hand, you update your knowledge of shaftalignment techniques and acceptable alignment tolerances. Motorpump alignment is the process of aligning shaft centerlines between a motor and a pump. A practical guide to pulley alignment plant services. Pdf a laser shaft alignment by ipspsds for rotary machine. To achieve our goal of proper shaft alignment, we must correct for both types of misalignment. Rigid couplings rigid grooved end piping systems including styles 07, w07 advanced groove system, 307, hp70, 005, and others provide a mechanical and frictional interlock onto the pipe ends sufficient to result in a rigid joint. This allows maintenance to keep a record on what machines are precision aligned. A practical guide to shaft alignment plant services. The book is reference material on rotating machinery basics, pump overhaul, mechanical seals, basic vibration, and shaft alignment. Coupling is a powerful method in probability theory through which random variables can be compared with each other.
Runout, soft foot, coupling, bearings, foundation, base plate, and piping strain on. We tend to see lot of applications of the couplings. The latter method is popular because it relates directly. For example, the only correct way to express shaft alignment tolerances is in terms of alignment conditions at the coupling, and we will describe several ways to do this. The major topics in this tutorial will discuss the basic roughing in techniques for your initial alignment of machinery.
The procedure for doing reverse dial indicator alignment is not a difficult one. You will be introduced to the five primary alignment measurement methods. Changes in the temperature of machines from off line to running can have a significant impact on the shaft alignment. Visually check coupling, pipehangers, base bolts, coupling spacing etc. Shaft alignment training course ppt presentation and machine. All measurements are taken on the rim of the coupling. Laseroptical alignment of shafts in rotating machinery is simple and more accurate than conventional mechanical methods and can result in reduced power consumption and increased mean time between.
Machinery alignment tolerance tables the suggested alignment tolerances shown here are general values based upon experience and general industry standards and should not be exceeded. If, on the other hand, you update your knowledge of shaft alignment techniques and acceptable alignment tolerances, you might be on the way to becoming more reliabilityfocused. The straightedge is positioned on two bearings supporting one or more shafts, while the maintenance inspector visually assesses whether or not the components are properly aligned. An engineers guide to shaft alignment, vibration analysis. The other advantage you can save the alignment results and down load a pdf report. There are two commonly use methods to align rotating machine shafts using dial indicators. This method is often considered so complicated that many users have developed step by step worksheets, plotting boards, programmable calcula189.
Rotating equipment alignment methods and training youtube. Dec 01, 2002 shaft alignment tolerances historically, shaft alignment tolerances have been governed by the coupling manufacturers design specifications. The alignment of misaligned shaft are done by using different types of shaft alignment methods which are mention below. Proper shaft alignment is required to maintain operational longevity of all rotating machinery. In pursuit of that goal, vibralign invented its own method of correcting misalignment called vertizontal which allows for the vertical and horizontal adjustments to be made together in. Improper alignment results in excessive vibration, short life of driven equipment compound bearing and coupling clutch parts, and frequent re alignment. The alignment training is suitable for technicians undertaking machine alignment, coupling alignment, motor alignmnet, pump alignment, etc. Gear coupling selection procedure table 1 torque and horsepower ratings standard selection method the standard selection method can be used for most motor, turbine, or engine driven applications. When other alignment methods are used, however, such as the reverse indicator method, it is.
Shaft alignment is a key factor in reducing vibrations and increasing reliability in rotating equipment. There are several steps which need to be taken for a successful alignment job. An alternate method focusses on the actual work done by the flexible coupling. An apparatus for axially aligning a first coupling member and a second coupling member that can be connected so as to form a rotating assembly. Less down time of replacement of cushions and rapid disconnection without disturbing existing alignment. A simple and effective procedure for doing shaft alignment of rotating machinery. The shaft alignment training course provides a highly practical knowledge of the use of dial gauge in coupling alignment. Shaft alignment training course ppt presentation and. Nov 27, 2010 the course covers several alignment methods common to motor shaft alignment like straight edge alignment, rim face alignment, reverse dial indicator alignment and laser alignment. Several equipment alignment methods, especially the reverse dial indicator method, which is the principle used in laser alignment is covered in explicit detail. Pdf basic shaft alignment workbook for industrial rotatin. Good shaft alignment practice should be a key strategy in the. The alignment training is suitable for technicians undertaking machine alignment, coupling alignment, motor alignmnet, pump alignment. Another measurement is taken on the face of the coupling to determine shaft angularity.
Shaft alignment industrial wiki odesie by tech transfer. As an example, a machine with a short flexible coupling running at 1800. Type sc coupling dynamically balanced to agma class 9 standards, the type sc spacer coupling accommodates a wide range of ansi and iso between shaft end distances. Common coupling problems and potential failures effects of shaft alignment best methods and techniques for measurement of shaft alignment effects of misalignment on pump and compressor operation what are the goals.
Shaft alignment is one of the major problems related to machinery with shaft coupling. Aim to have all soft foot readings within 2 mils thou. The original function of a flexible coupling was to accommodate the small amounts of shaft misalignment remaining after the completion of a shaft alignment using a straight edge or feeler gauges. Foundations, base plates, installation, and piping strain. An alternate method focusses on the actual work done by the flexible coupling to accommodate shaft to shaft misalignment.
If greater alignment accuracy is desired, a dial indicator method. The rimface method is recognized as the oldest method of shaft alignment. Since shaft alignment needs to be measured and subsequently corrected, a method of quantifying and describing alignment condition is necessary. Dial gauge alignment procedure in covered with detailed animation. Reverse alignmentunderstanding centerline measurement by.
The present disclosure is directed to a shaft alignment tool including a base, a rotational body mounted on the base for relative rotation with respect to the base, and an alignment meter coupled to the rotational body. Proper alignment is the largest factor in determining the life of bearings, seals and couplings. The proper shaft alignment procedure is to secure the driven equipment first because moving a pump, for example, would stress the connecting piping. Criteria for alignment tolerance the first alignment tolerances were dictated by the coupling manufacturer, by how much misalignment his coupling could take before it locked up. It is therefore necessary for a marine engineer to have thorough knowledge about shaft alignment methods, techniques and concept. For this training, you will perform the alignment with the shafts uncoupled and the indicators mounted in direct contact with the rim and face of the movable shafts coupling.
With a focus on the core alignment tasks, the tksa 11 is designed to be a very easytouse instrument that is especially suitable for alignment. Us201001583a1 coupling alignment apparatus and method. Describe different methods for checking alignment of motor couplings. Reverse alignmentunderstanding centerline measurement by c. In fact, quality alignment is not dependent on the type of measurement system. The present course is intended for master students and phd students. With the coupling broken, mount a fixture bracket to the stationary shaft or coupling hub as illustrated below. Mar 06, 2017 understanding coupling misalignment and alignment methods even today with the advances in technology we have issues with shaft coupling misalignment on rotating machinery. Rimface method when using a rimface method, one measurement is taken on the rim of the coupling to determine shaft offset. The motor is the prime mover, transferring power to the pump by the use of a coupling. Both types can be found in the vertical and horizontal planes. The reason why simple foot alignment is not enough is because absolute perfection in the alignment. With a focus on the core alignment tasks, the tksa 11 is designed to be a very easytouse instrument that is especially suitable for alignment learners and compact applications. Couplings can be rigid or flexible depending on the alignment.
In pursuit of that goal, vibralign invented its own method of. With feeler gauge find obvious gaps and fill them with shims, taking care of any rough soft foot condition. The two basic types of misalignment are parallelism and angularity. Coupling has been applied in a broad variety of contexts, e. It is incorrect to define alignment tolerances in terms of correction values at the machine feet. Shaft couplings are available in different sizes and material finishes. Misalignment of coupling spacer with respect to coupling shafts. Avace mafactri office the importance of motor shaft alignment the objective of optimized shaft alignment is to increase the operating life span of rotating machinery. The 4 positions divided on a coupling for alignment purposes are called what.
Traditionally alignment has been described in terms of dial indicator readings at the coupling face or position values at the machine feet. Additionally, shaft hubs include hub flats for ease of alignment during installation. Fixed spacer length type coupling helps to provide independent running requirement. These changes in the shaft alignment can be accommodated in a few different ways. Shaft alignment is a method or procedure by which shafts of machines such as motors and turbines are connected to a generator or pump in proper alignment. A shaft coupling is a mechanical device used to connect rotating shafts and absorb misalignments between them.
The caliperstraightedge alignment procedure is described below. The goal of the alignment process is to create a straight line through the coupling. Care has been taken by the authors, pruftechnik ltd, in the preparation of this publication. Pdf laseroptical alignment of shafts in rotating machinery is simple and more accurate than conventional mechanical methods and can. To achieve this goal, components that are the most likely to fail must be made to operate within their acceptable design limits. A laser alignment system is generally proposed to overcome all these problems. In most cases a quick glance at the table will tell whether coupling misalignment is allowable or not. Traditional alignment methods still in common use today include visual inspection combined with a straightedge or ruler. With the coupling broken, mount a fixture bracket to the stationary shaft or coupling. The introduction of shaft laser alignment has been a great addition to maintenance and makes coupling alignment so much easier. In practice, proper alignment is difficult to achieve without using alignment equipment such as dial indicators or laser alignment tools. If a manufacturer of a machine or coupling require tighter alignment tolerances, those should be used. Coupling alignment machines mechanical engineering scribd.
However, the task of shaft allignment can be made easy by following a few guidelines. The primary reasons why machinery is misaligned is lack of proper training, improper tools to do the job, and that people are not given enough time to do it right. Module 4 precision maintenance techniques for machinery. The course covers several alignment methods common to motor shaft alignment like straight edge alignment, rim face alignment, reverse dial indicator alignment and laser alignment. It is agreed a laser makes coupling alignment is so much easier and the most accurate method. With the coupling broken, mount the fixture to the stationary shaft or coupling hub. Fast way to align machinery shafts vibralign is committed to helping businesses use their resources more efficiently and effectively. An offset a, of 18 to 316 per foot of joint coupling. Additionally, shaft hubs include hub flats for ease of alignment.
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